Search results for " soft x-ray"

Visible light apparatus for preliminary tests of x-ray optics

2006

We report a useful visible light testing procedure for a first analysis of soft X-ray grazing incidence optics (0.1-2 keV). Although diffraction is a limit in the application of this method, great advantages are obtained by running the tests in air with direct access to modify the geometrical mounting of the individual mirror shells. We present the experimental apparatus and show the first results of the investigation of light weight optics based on plastic foil material and comparison with results obtained with an X-ray beam.

4D texture of circular dichroism in soft-x-ray photoemission from tungsten

2019

Brief treatment and crisis intervention 21(1), 013017 (2019). doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aaf4cd

Study and implementation of a soft X-ray 100 eV -20 keV fixed exit monochromator system

2006

We describe a “built in house” X-ray monochromator which produces a fixed exit X-ray beam tunable in the full energy range 0.1 - 20 keV. The system is based on a double diffraction on two large size parallel crystals positioned using a remotely controlled micropositioning system in order to keep the position of the monochromatic beam for any chosen energy. Up to six different diffracting elements can be selected without breaking the vacuum. This allows to cover the full energy range of interest. The system is part of an upgrading project of the XACT facility at the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo G.S. Vaiana, and will be employed for the testing and c…

A New Methodological Approach to Correlate Protective and Microscopic Properties by Soft X-ray Microscopy and Solid State NMR Spectroscopy: The Case …

2021

Hydrophobic treatment is one of the most important interventions usually carried out for the conservation of stone artefacts and monuments. The study here reported aims to answer a general question about how two polymers confer different protective performance. Two fluorinated-based polymer formulates applied on samples of Cusa’s stone confer a different level of water repellence and water vapour permeability. The observed protection action is here explained on the basis of chemico-physical interactions. The distribution of the polymer in the pore network was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microscopy. The interactions between the stone substrate and the protective…

Astronomical soft x-ray mirrors reflectivity enhancement by multilayer coatings with carbon overcoating

2004

A number of X-ray astronomical missions of near future will make use of hard X-ray optics with broad-band multilayer coatings. However multilayer mirrors can be also useful to enhance the effective area of a given X-ray telescope in the "classical" low energy X-ray band (0.1 – 10 keV), the window where X-ray spectroscopy provides very useful plasma diagnostics) with a consistent gain with respect to usual single-layer reflectors. Multilayers for soft X-rays are based on stacks with constant d-spacing (in order to minimize the loss due to the photoelectric effect). A further gain in reflectivity (however only restricted to the energy range between 0.5 and 4 keV) can be achieved by using a lo…

Design and optimization of the wide-field spectrometer for EDGE mission

2007

Soft X-ray Tomography Reveals HSV-1-Induced Remodeling of Human B Cells.

2022

Upon infection, viruses hijack the cell machinery and remodel host cell structures to utilize them for viral proliferation. Since viruses are about a thousand times smaller than their host cells, imaging virus-host interactions at high spatial resolution is like looking for a needle in a haystack. Scouting gross cellular changes with fluorescent microscopy is only possible for well-established viruses, where fluorescent tagging is developed. Soft X-ray tomography (SXT) offers 3D imaging of entire cells without the need for chemical fixation or labeling. Here, we use full-rotation SXT to visualize entire human B cells infected by the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). We have mapped the temporo…